Which density do agencies in New England typically use as the "standard" for comparing field densities?

In the context of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) inspection, agencies in New England often use various density measures for comparison to ensure the quality and performance of asphalt pavements. Among these measures, maximum theoretical density, bulk density, and field density all play important roles, each serving a specific purpose.

Maximum theoretical density represents the highest density achievable for a given asphalt mixture, serving as a benchmark against which other densities can be compared. It is derived from the specific gravity of the aggregate and asphalt content in the mixture, factoring in the voids in the mineral aggregate.

Bulk density pertains to the density of the compacted asphalt mix as it is delivered for use, which includes both the aggregates and the asphalt binder. This value can provide insight into the in-place density of the pavements after compaction.

Field density, typically obtained from in-situ measurements, reflects the actual density of the compacted asphalt pavement in the field. It is crucial for determining whether the density meets the specifications set forth in the project guidelines.

Using all these density measures allows agencies to monitor and confirm that asphalt pavements are installed within quality parameters, ensuring durability, performance, and adherence to specifications. Therefore, it is standard practice for agencies to consider all three types of densities in